Zakat al-Fitr is an obligatory charity paid by every Muslim at the end of Ramadan, before the Eid prayer. It purifies the fasting person from any indecent act or speech and provides food for the needy.
It is due on behalf of every Muslim — young or old, male or female, free or enslaved. The head of the household pays for all dependents. The amount is one sa' (approximately 2.5-3 kg) of staple food — typically wheat, barley, dates, raisins, or rice.
The Prophet ﷺ emphasized that it must be given before the Eid prayer to be accepted as Zakat al-Fitr — otherwise it is considered ordinary charity.